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Lynne Reid Banks, a flexible British writer who started her writing profession with the best-selling feminist novel “The L-Formed Room” however discovered her greatest success with the favored youngsters’s ebook “The Indian within the Cabinet,” died on Thursday in Surrey, England. She was 94.
Her dying, at a care facility, was brought on by most cancers, mentioned James Wills, her literary agent.
Ms. Banks was a part of a era of writers, together with Shelagh Delaney and Margaret Drabble, that emerged in postwar Britain and whose books explored the struggles of younger ladies looking for private and monetary independence, in sharp distinction to the contemporaneous “indignant younger males” literary motion outlined by John Osborne and Kingsley Amis.
Over her lengthy profession, Ms. Banks’s character portrayals have been usually referred to as insensitive and her language offensive, significantly in her two best-known works. She was a sophisticated, generally contradictory determine who turned more and more unrepentant about her firmly held opinions.
“The L-Formed Room” (1960), lauded by critics as a second-wave feminist novel, tells the story of an single secretary whose conservative, middle-class father throws her out of their residence when she tells him she’s pregnant. Somewhat than attain out to the daddy of the kid, she rents a small, L-shaped room on the prime of a rooming home in London and turns into a part of an improvised household of fellow boarders, together with a Caribbean-born jazz musician. Class, race, sexism and the hazard of unlawful abortions are all central to the plot.
Ms. Banks didn’t think about herself a feminist when she wrote the ebook; as a younger lady coming of age within the Nineteen Fifties, she mentioned, she thought that males have been superior.
However she quickly modified her thoughts. “What a joke,” she instructed the BBC’s program “Bookclub” in 2010. “I imply, I don’t consider that anymore. I believe ladies are infinitely the superior intercourse and that males are most likely probably the most harmful creatures on the planet.”
Ms. Banks got here to remorse the racial tropes utilized in her portrayal of the Caribbean housemate in “The L-Formed Room,” acknowledging that racism had permeated her narrative. “The prejudices existed, and so they got here out on this ebook, and it’s shame-making, however there they have been,” she instructed the BBC. “They have been completely a part of the environment.”
The novel turned a right away finest vendor in Britain and was made into a movie, launched in america in 1963 and starring Leslie Caron, who was nominated for an Oscar for finest actress.
After “The Indian within the Cabinet” was printed in 1980, The New York Instances hailed it as one of the best novel of the 12 months for youngsters. Ms. Banks wrote 4 sequels.
The primary ebook within the sequence begins when a boy, Omri, is given an previous medication cupboard with magical properties: When he locations plastic motion figures inside, they arrive alive. The primary toy he brings to life is a Native American named Little Bear — the “Indian” of the title. Certainly one of Omri’s pals locations his toy cowboy within the cupboard, and a well-worn battle is about in movement.
Though the purported message to younger readers was the significance of tolerance and respect for different cultures, Ms. Banks was later accused of perpetuating stereotypes. (Little Bear speaks in a dialect of damaged English, and the cowboy is a laconic man who likes his whiskey.)
By the fourth ebook, “The Thriller of the Cabinet” (1993), critics had grown impatient with the clichéd characters that may step out of the magic cabinet. “By way of its innocent-looking mirrored door march a succession of plucky, albeit creaky cultural stereotypes, ever predictable and true to the dictates of their intercourse, ethnic group or time,” the fiction author Michael Dorris wrote in The New York Instances E book Evaluate.
The American Indian Library Affiliation in 1991 listed “The Indian within the Cabinet” sequence among the many “titles to keep away from,” and a college board in British Columbia briefly eliminated the primary ebook from its libraries in 1992, citing “offensive remedy of native peoples.”
Nonetheless, the sequence remained widespread, and “The Indian within the Cabinet” was tailored right into a 1995 movie directed by Frank Oz.
Lynne Reid Banks was born in London on July 31, 1929. She was the one baby of James and Muriel (Reid) Banks. Her father, who was Scottish, was a physician; her mom, who was Irish and generally known as Pat, was an actress.
As a baby throughout World Battle II, Lynne was evacuated along with her mom to Canada, the place they settled in Saskatchewan. It was a principally joyful time, and the human price of the conflict turned clear solely when she returned to London at 15.
“I discovered my metropolis in ruins,” she mentioned in an interview for the reference work “Authors and Artists for Younger Adults.” When she discovered concerning the wartime hardships that the remainder of her household had endured, she was horrified and ashamed. “I felt like a deserter,” she mentioned.
She first pursued a profession as an actress, learning on the Royal Academy of Dramatic Artwork and dealing in repertory theater. She additionally started writing performs. In 1955, she turned one of many first feminine tv reporters in England, working for Unbiased Tv Information (later ITV). Sooner or later, she was requested to check out a brand new sort of typewriter within the newsroom. One sentence led to a different, and she or he realized that she was writing within the voice of a girl who was pregnant, single and on her personal. These random first sentences turned the seeds of “The L-shaped Room.”
“I didn’t know I had a ebook,” she later instructed the BBC. “I knew I had a state of affairs.”
The success of the novel gave her the liberty to put in writing full time, and she or he stop her tv job. However her life took one other flip when she met and married Chaim Stephenson, a sculptor, and moved to Israel to affix him on a kibbutz.
The transfer led her mom to accuse her of losing her expertise and putting herself in a harmful and “soul-stunting” state of affairs, Ms. Banks wrote in The Guardian in 2017. However she liked her adopted nation, and she or he taught English and continued to put in writing whereas elevating three sons, till the household moved again to England in 1971.
Ms. Banks wrote two sequels to “The L-Formed Room” — “The Backward Shadow” (1970) and “Two is Lonely” (1974) — in addition to two books on the Brontë sisters: “Darkish Quartet: The Story of the Brontës” (1976) and “Path to the Silent Nation: Charlotte Brontë’s Years of Fame” (1977).
She started writing books for youngsters and younger adults within the Seventies, incorporating components of magic and fantasy that may discover full expression in “The Indian within the Cabinet.” She wrote greater than 45 books for adults and kids altogether, many with Jewish themes, in addition to 13 performs produced for radio and theater.
The challenges of single motherhood was a theme Ms. Banks returned to in 2014 in “Uprooted, A Canadian Battle Story,” a younger grownup novel based mostly on the years that she and her mom spent in Canada in the course of the conflict.
She is survived by three sons, Adiel, Gillon and Omri Stephenson, and three grandchildren. Her husband died in 2016.
Ms. Banks remained productive in her later years. “It’s nice being previous,” she wrote in The Guardian in 2017, in an essay on the benefits of growing old. “I might be eccentric, self-indulgent — even offensive.”
Certainly, on the age of 85, she touched off one other literary furor when she wrote a letter objecting to The Guardian’s choice to award its youngsters’s fiction prize to David Almond for his ebook “A Track for Ella Gray” (2015), writing {that a} ebook with “lesbian intercourse,” in addition to swearing and ingesting, was not acceptable for youngsters.
A predictable outcry in response to her letter adopted. “Though I’m nonetheless on the outs with fashionable life,” she wrote, “being previous means I’ve stopped minding what folks consider my opinions.”
Sofia Poznansky contributed reporting,
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