The Hamas Chief and the Israeli Who Saved His Life

That is how Dr. Yuval Bitton remembers the morning of Oct. 7. Being jolted awake simply after dawn by the insistent ringing of his telephone. The frantic voice of his daughter, who was touring overseas, asking, “Dad, what’s occurred in Israel? Activate the TV.”

Information anchors had been nonetheless piecing collectively the studies: Palestinian gunmen penetrating Israel’s vaunted defenses, infiltrating greater than 20 cities and navy bases, killing roughly 1,200 folks and dragging greater than 240 males, ladies and kids into Gaza as hostages.

Even in that first second, Dr. Bitton says, he knew with certainty who had masterminded the assault: Yahya Sinwar, the chief of Hamas in Gaza and Inmate No. 7333335 within the Israeli jail system from 1989 till his launch in a prisoner swap in 2011.

However that was not all. Dr. Bitton had a historical past with Yahya Sinwar.

As he watched the photographs of terror and loss of life flicker throughout his display screen, he was stricken by a choice he had made practically 20 years earlier than — how, working in a jail infirmary, he had come to the help of a mysteriously and desperately in poor health Mr. Sinwar, and the way afterward the Hamas chief had informed him that “he owed me his life.”

The 2 males had then fashioned a relationship of kinds, sworn enemies who however confirmed a cautious mutual respect. As a dentist and later as a senior intelligence officer for the Israeli jail service, Dr. Bitton had spent a whole bunch of hours speaking with and analyzing Mr. Sinwar, who within the seven months since Oct. 7 has eluded Israel’s forces whilst their assault on Gaza has killed tens of 1000’s and turned a lot of the enclave to rubble. Now American officers consider Mr. Sinwar is asking the pictures for Hamas in negotiations over a deal for a cease-fire and the discharge of among the hostages.

Dr. Bitton noticed that, in a way, all the things that had handed between himself and Mr. Sinwar was a premonition of the occasions now coming to go. He understood the way in which Mr. Sinwar’s thoughts labored in addition to or higher than any Israeli official. He knew from expertise that the value the Hamas chief would demand for the hostages may nicely be one Israel could be unwilling to pay.

And by day’s finish, he knew one thing else: Mr. Sinwar’s operatives had his nephew.

THE DAY HE SAVED Yahya Sinwar’s life, Yuval Bitton was 37, operating the dental clinic on the Beersheba jail complicated, within the Negev desert of southern Israel. He had taken the job eight years earlier, in 1996, recent out of medical college, assuming he could be treating guards and different staff.

As a substitute, he’d ended up with a affected person roster of a few of Israel’s most hardened prisoners, just like the Hamas operatives liable for suicide assaults at a Jerusalem market and a Passover bloodbath on the Park Resort, in addition to the ultranationalist Israeli who assassinated Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin for his peacemaking with the Palestine Liberation Group. There have been occasions when Dr. Bitton could be drilling the tooth of 1 terrorist solely to study that outdoors the jail partitions, one other had struck.

“In the course of the day you’ll deal with them and at evening you come house and cry,” he mentioned. “That occurred many, many nights. As soon as there was a suicide assault close to the place my mother and father lived. Sixteen Jews had been killed. Who wouldn’t cry at evening? If you see a small child being lifted, who wouldn’t cry?”

He tried to compartmentalize. He informed himself that as a health care provider he was certain by his oath to do no hurt. And on notably dangerous days, he mentioned, he would remind himself of the phrases that Israel’s main architect, David Ben-Gurion, had made his mantra within the years after the nation’s founding: “The State of Israel might be judged not by its wealth, nor by its military, nor by its expertise, however by its ethical character and human values.”

Whereas some Israeli historians query whether or not Ben-Gurion at all times lived by these phrases, Dr. Bitton took them to coronary heart. It was, he thought, what differentiated him from the prisoners he handled.

PRISON, MR. SINWAR as soon as informed an Italian journalist, is a crucible. “Jail builds you,” he mentioned, provides you time to consider what you consider in — “and the value you might be prepared to pay” for it.

His ceremony of passage had begun in 1989, two years after the primary intifada erupted, protesting Israel’s occupation of the West Financial institution and Gaza Strip. He was 27, with a status for excessive brutality, convicted of murdering 4 Palestinians whom Hamas suspected of collaborating with Israel.

He was born in a refugee camp in southern Gaza, the place his mother and father had been pressured to stay after what Palestinians name the Nakba, or disaster, once they had been displaced from their houses through the wars surrounding the founding of the State of Israel in 1948. In conversations with fellow prisoners, Mr. Sinwar spoke of how his refugee childhood had led him to Hamas.

“One thing he at all times remembered is that each one the boys within the camp would go to 1 lavatory, and the ladies to a different,” mentioned Esmat Mansour, a fellow prisoner held from 1993 to 2013 for killing an Israeli settler. “There was a every day line and also you needed to wait. And the way they distributed meals and the humiliation they might endure. It isn’t one thing particular to him, however it apparently impacted him loads.”

Mr. Sinwar had been recruited by Hamas’s founder, Sheik Ahmed Yassin, who made him chief of an inner safety unit referred to as Al Majd. His job was to seek out and punish these suspected of violating Islamic morality legal guidelines or cooperating with the Israeli occupiers.

In an interrogation after his arrest in 1988, he dispassionately described taking pictures one man, strangling one other together with his naked fingers, suffocating a 3rd with a kaffiyeh, and choking and punching a fourth earlier than tossing him in a unexpectedly dug grave. Information of the interrogation clarify that, removed from being remorseful, Mr. Sinwar noticed beating confessions out of the collaborators as a righteous responsibility. Considered one of them, he informed interrogators, had even mentioned that “he realized he deserved to die.”

Mr. Sinwar continued his marketing campaign in opposition to informants from behind bars. Israeli authorities believed he had ordered the beheadings of a minimum of two prisoners he suspected of snitching. Hamas operatives would throw their severed physique elements out of the cell doorways and inform the guards to “take the canine’s head,” Dr. Bitton mentioned.

But when Mr. Sinwar was feared by his fellow inmates, he was additionally revered for his resourcefulness. He tried to flee a number of occasions, as soon as surreptitiously digging a gap in his cell ground in hopes of tunneling underneath the jail and exiting by means of the customer heart. And he discovered methods to plot in opposition to Israel with Hamas leaders on the surface, managing the smuggling of cellphones into the jail and utilizing attorneys and guests to ferry messages out.

Typically, the message was about discovering methods to kidnap Israeli troopers to commerce for Palestinian prisoners. Years later, Mr. Sinwar would say that “for the prisoner, capturing an Israeli soldier is the very best information within the universe, as a result of he is aware of {that a} glimmer of hope has been opened for him.”

“They had been early life,” Ghazi Hamad, a senior Hamas official who serves as an off-the-cuff spokesman, mentioned in an interview. “He developed a management persona in each sense of the phrase.”

He additionally grew to become fluent in Hebrew, making the most of a web based college program, and devoured Israeli information, to raised perceive his enemy. A routine search of his cell yielded tens of thousands of pages of painstakingly handwritten Arabic — Mr. Sinwar’s translations of contraband Hebrew-language autobiographies written by the previous heads of Israel’s home safety company, Shin Guess. Based on Dr. Bitton, Mr. Sinwar surreptitiously shared the translated pages so different inmates may examine the company’s counterterrorism techniques. He favored to name himself a “specialist within the Jewish folks’s historical past.”

“They wished jail to be a grave for us, a mill to grind our will, dedication and our bodies,” Mr. Sinwar as soon as informed supporters. “However, thank God, with our perception in our trigger we turned the jail into sanctuaries of worship and academies for examine.”

Hamas, an offshoot of the Muslim Brotherhood, elects its leaders democratically, and that construction was mirrored behind bars. In every jail, one committee was charged with making quotidian choices — who slept within the high bunk, what to observe throughout allotted TV hours — whereas one other meted out punishments to suspected collaborators, and nonetheless others oversaw issues like divvying up cash despatched by Hamas leaders that may very well be used to buy meals on the commissary.

An elected “emir,” together with members of a excessive council referred to as the “haya,” dominated over this construction for restricted phrases. For a lot of Mr. Sinwar’s time in jail, he alternated as emir with Rawhi Mushtaha, a confidant who had been convicted alongside him for killing collaborators. It was Mr. Sinwar’s flip in 2004.

AT THE TIME, the episode appeared of little consequence. In any case, Dr. Bitton mentioned, Mr. Sinwar was imagined to be serving 4 life phrases.

As a dentist in Israel, Dr. Bitton had additionally educated normally medication, and was usually referred to as upon to help the three different jail docs, stitching up wounds or serving to with a difficult analysis. So when he emerged from seeing his dental sufferers that day in early 2004 to seek out a number of clearly perplexed colleagues surrounding a disoriented Mr. Sinwar, Dr. Bitton did what a health care provider does. He joined them.

“What’s occurring?” he requested the prisoner.

The 2 males had met on a lot of events. Dr. Bitton usually wandered again to the prisoners’ wings, partly out of curiosity about how a few of Israel’s most fervent enemies thought, and partly as a result of the belief he engendered as a health care provider made him a helpful middleman when jail directors wished to know what was occurring. Simply as Mr. Sinwar had realized Hebrew, Dr. Bitton had taught himself Arabic. He grew to become such an everyday presence within the cellblocks that some prisoners suspected, wrongly, that he could be an intelligence plant.

Israeli and Palestinian watchdog teams have periodically revealed scathing studies on circumstances for Palestinian prisoners — overcrowded cells missing correct sanitation and air flow, harsh interrogations and, in some instances, years of solitary confinement and withholding of correct medical care.

Towards that backdrop, Mr. Mansour mentioned, Dr. Bitton stood out. “He handled us like people.”

“He purchased the hearts of the prisoners, actually. He would go into their cells, drink with them and eat with them,” he mentioned. “If there was an issue, he would name and assist.”

Currently Dr. Bitton had been working to steer Mr. Sinwar and others to cooperate with Israeli researchers finding out suicide bombings. However within the inspecting room, Mr. Sinwar didn’t appear to know him.

“Who’re you?” Dr. Bitton recalled him asking.

“It’s me, Yuval.”

“Wow, I’m sorry — I didn’t acknowledge you,” Dr. Bitton mentioned the prisoner replied, earlier than describing his signs.

He would stand for prayer after which fall. As he spoke, he appeared to float out and in of consciousness. However for Dr. Bitton, essentially the most telling signal was Mr. Sinwar’s grievance of a ache behind his neck. One thing is improper together with his mind, the dentist informed his colleagues, maybe a stroke or an abscess. He wanted to go to the hospital, urgently.

He was rushed to the close by Soroka Medical Middle, the place docs carried out emergency surgical procedure to take away a malignant and aggressive mind tumor, deadly if left untreated. “If he had not been operated on, it will have burst,” Dr. Bitton mentioned.

A number of days later, Dr. Bitton visited Mr. Sinwar within the hospital, along with a jail officer despatched to test the safety preparations. They discovered the prisoner in mattress, hooked as much as displays and an IV, however awake. Mr. Sinwar requested the officer, who was Muslim, to thank the dentist.

“Sinwar requested him to clarify to me what it means in Islam that I saved his life,” Dr. Bitton recalled. “It was essential to him that I understood from a Muslim how essential this was in Islam — that he owed me his life.”

MR. SINWAR RARELY if ever spoke to the Israeli jail authorities. However now he started assembly usually with the dentist, to drink tea and discuss.

They’d meet again within the cellblocks, two males with strikingly related options — cropped, prematurely graying hair; darkish, quizzically arched eyebrows; excessive cheekbones. Dr. Bitton, a loquacious, easygoing man, usually joshed with the opposite prisoners, getting them to open up about their households or sports activities. However with Mr. Sinwar, the discuss was all enterprise and dogma.

“The conversations with Sinwar weren’t private or emotional,” he mentioned. “They had been solely about Hamas.”

Mr. Sinwar knew the Quran by coronary heart, and he coolly laid out his group’s governing doctrines.

“Hamas sees the land we stay on because the holy land, like, ‘That is ours, you don’t have a proper to stay on this land,’” Dr. Bitton mentioned. “It wasn’t political, it was spiritual.”

Was there no probability, then, for a two-state resolution? Dr. Bitton would press him.

By no means, Mr. Sinwar would say. Why not? Dr. Bitton would reply.

As a result of that is the land of Muslims, not for you — I can’t signal away this land.

In a search of his cell, guards had confiscated a handwritten novel that Mr. Sinwar completed on the finish of 2004, after the surgical procedure. “You couldn’t make a Hollywood film about it,” Dr. Bitton laughed. “However it was concerning the relationship between males, ladies and the household in Islam.” No less than one copy was smuggled out; The New York Occasions discovered a typed PDF in a web based library.

The novel, “The Thorn and the Carnation,” is a coming-of-age story that limns Mr. Sinwar’s personal life: The narrator, a religious Gazan boy named Ahmed, emerges from hiding through the 1967 Arab-Israeli conflict to a life underneath Israeli occupation. Of their cruelty, the occupiers trigger the “chests of youth to boil like a cauldron.” In retaliation, Ahmed’s family and friends assault them with knives, ambush them with Molotov cocktails and hunt collaborators in order to “gouge out the eyes that the occupier sees us with from the within.”

Woven all through is the theme of the never-ending sacrifice demanded by the resistance. At college, the place he’s recruited to Hamas, Ahmed turns into infatuated with a girl he sees strolling to and from class. “I’m not exaggerating after I say that she actually surpasses the total moon,” he says. But their relationship, chaste and correct based on Muslim values, by no means develops; the reader by no means even learns the lady’s title.

“I made a decision to finish my love story, if it could possibly even be referred to as a love story,” the narrator says. “I noticed that ours is the bitter story of Palestine, for which there’s solely room for one love … one ardour.”

But when Mr. Sinwar, single on the time, ever entertained the notion of another path for himself, he didn’t share his ideas with Dr. Bitton. (Certainly, even after his launch from jail and subsequent marriage, he has mentioned little or no publicly with regards to his family, besides to notice that “the primary phrases my son spoke had been ‘father,’ ‘mom’ and ‘drone.’”)

At Beersheba, Mr. Sinwar was unquestionably a jail chieftain, Dr. Bitton mentioned, however he didn’t placed on airs — a humble ascetic who shared cooking duties and different chores with extra junior inmates.

Each week or so, he would make an improvised knafeh, a Palestinian dessert of candy cheese and shredded pastry drenched in syrup. The prisoners at all times awaited his knafeh, Dr. Bitton mentioned. They actually favored it — and so did Dr. Bitton, who understood the breaking of bread collectively as a method to domesticate the connection.

“I attempted it,” he allowed. “Pay attention, they know the best way to make knafeh.”

Dr. Bitton was underneath no phantasm about whom he was coping with. A jail evaluation that Dr. Bitton mentioned he helped compile referred to as Mr. Sinwar merciless, crafty and manipulative, an authoritative man with “the power to hold crowds” who “retains secrets and techniques even inside jail amongst different prisoners.”

Nonetheless, there was a sure transactional honesty to their conversations. Every man knew the opposite had an agenda.

Simply as Dr. Bitton probed to raised perceive the schisms between Hamas and the opposite Palestinian factions contained in the jail, Mr. Sinwar returned time and again to the fissures in Israeli society that he examine within the Hebrew information media, between wealthy and poor and Sephardic and Ashkenazi and secular and orthodox Jews.

“Now you’re robust, you’ve 200 atomic warheads,” Mr. Sinwar would say. “However we’ll see, perhaps in one other 10 to twenty years you’ll weaken, and I’ll assault.”

In 2006, after Israel’s withdrawal from Gaza, Hamas shocked political observers by profitable the most important variety of seats within the Palestinian Authority’s legislative elections.

Israeli authorities, nervous that the election would assist legitimize a bunch that the US and European Union had designated a terrorist group, devised a plan to remind the world of Hamas’s true colours by giving a few of its incarcerated leaders a media platform on “60 Minutes” and in an interview with Israeli tv. Dr. Bitton was tasked with promoting the concept to Mr. Sinwar, who must log out.

“Converse freely, you may say no matter you need about Israel,” Dr. Bitton informed Mr. Sinwar and different prisoners.

The plan labored, from Dr. Bitton’s perspective. When Abdullah Barghouti, who had organized suicide bombings that killed 66 folks, was requested on “60 Minutes” whether or not he regretted his deeds, he readily answered sure. “I really feel dangerous, ’trigger the quantity solely 66,” he mentioned.

Mr. Sinwar, for his half, tried to make use of his first and solely interview with an Israeli tv outlet to ship a savvier message. With Dr. Bitton wanting on, he informed the interviewer that Israelis ought to “be scared” about Hamas’s election victory. However, he added in feedback that weren’t aired, a lot trusted what the Israeli authorities did subsequent. “From our perspective, we’ve a proper that we’re asking from the Israeli management,” he mentioned. “We aren’t asking for the city.”

The subsequent 12 months, to nice alarm in Israel, Hamas wrested full management over Gaza in a violent energy wrestle with Fatah, a secular rival political celebration.

This was the time, Dr. Bitton determined, to channel the relationships he had constructed with Mr. Sinwar and different imprisoned Palestinian leaders into a brand new function, one that will not go away him feeling so conflicted. He utilized to develop into an officer within the Jail Intelligence Service, and after a brief course was assigned to Ketziot jail in 2008. The person who “doesn’t perceive the motives and roots of their enemy,” he defined, “won’t be able to forestall these organizations from doing what they need.”

DR. BITTON WAS shortly thrown right into a monumental problem. Two years earlier, in 2006, an Israeli soldier, Gilad Shalit, had been kidnapped in a daring cross-border raid. Amongst his captors was none apart from Mr. Sinwar’s brother.

The kidnapping profoundly shook Israeli society, with its credo that not a single soldier needs to be left behind. Because the Israeli authorities, working by means of a again channel with a group of worldwide intermediaries, tried to barter a prisoner swap, Dr. Bitton was tasked with utilizing his connections to imprisoned Hamas leaders to glean intelligence on what they might settle for.

By 2009, Israel had agreed in precept to trade 1,000 Palestinian prisoners for Mr. Shalit. Mr. Sinwar “was managing the negotiations from contained in the jail with a bunch of brothers who had been additionally with him,” based on Ghazi Hamad, the casual Hamas spokesman, who was concerned within the negotiations.

There was just one drawback: Regardless of being on the record himself, Mr. Sinwar didn’t assume the deal was ok, based on Gerhard Conrad, a retired German intelligence officer concerned in brokering the Shalit deal.

Mr. Sinwar was insisting on releasing “the so-called impossibles,” Mr. Conrad mentioned. These had been the boys serving a number of life sentences, males like Mr. Barghouti and Abbas al-Sayed, who had masterminded the Passover suicide assault that had killed 30 folks on the Park Resort.

Saleh al-Arouri, a founding father of Hamas’s armed wing, the Qassam Brigades, and a pacesetter of prisoners from the West Financial institution, approached Dr. Bitton. Would he assist push in opposition to Mr. Sinwar’s obstinacy?

Mr. al-Arouri “understood they needed to compromise — that we might not launch everybody,” Dr. Bitton mentioned. “He was extra pragmatic.”

Recognizing that the rift between Mr. Sinwar and Mr. al-Arouri may doubtlessly be used to advance the Shalit negotiations, Dr. Bitton received his bosses to log out on a plan geared toward deepening the division. At Mr. al-Arouri’s request, jail officers introduced collectively 42 influential West Financial institution inmates from three separate prisons in order that Mr. al-Arouri may win them to his facet.

However pressuring Mr. Sinwar turned out to be a lot tougher.

Dr. Bitton noticed what he was up in opposition to in 2010, when, amid the stalled Shalit negotiations, Mr. Sinwar tried to compel all 1,600 Hamas prisoners to hitch a starvation strike that will have left a lot of them useless. The purpose wasn’t even to free prisoners, simply to launch two from long-term solitary confinement. In that second, Dr. Bitton mentioned, he realized there would by no means be a Shalit deal so long as Mr. Sinwar remained in the way in which.

“He was prepared to pay a heavy value for precept,” Dr. Bitton mentioned, “even when the value wasn’t proportional to the purpose.”

Even after the Shalit negotiators managed to persuade the Israelis in 2011 to launch further prisoners, bringing the whole to 1,027 — together with some, although not practically all the “impossibles” — Mr. Sinwar remained opposed.

However by this level, Mr. al-Arouri had been launched from jail and was a member of the Hamas negotiating group, led by Ahmad al-Jabari, a high commander who had led the raid that captured Mr. Shalit. Below stress from Egyptian mediators, the group concluded that this was nearly as good a deal as they had been going to get.

Mr. Sinwar’s authority had been diluted. However simply to make sure, the Israelis put him in solitary confinement till the deal was finished. (Mr. al-Arouri was killed in an Israeli airstrike this previous January.)

On Oct. 18, 2011, Dr. Bitton stood within the yard of Ketziot jail, watching as Mr. Sinwar boarded a bus to Gaza. Having witnessed the persuasive energy of Mr. Sinwar’s management up shut, Dr. Bitton mentioned he had urged the negotiators to not free him. However he was overruled, he mentioned, as a result of Mr. Sinwar “didn’t have as a lot Jewish blood on his fingers” as among the others.

“I believed you have to have a look at the capabilities of the prisoner to make use of their skills in opposition to Israel and never simply what he did — his potential,” Dr. Bitton mentioned.

In information video footage from that day, Mr. Sinwar doesn’t look all that happy both, scowling on a makeshift stage in central Gaza Metropolis as Ismail Haniyeh, then chief of Hamas in Gaza, gleefully waves to the 1000’s gathered to have a good time the prisoners’ launch. Hours later, in an interview with Hamas’s al-Aqsa TV, a defiant Mr. Sinwar made a promise.

“We will spare no efforts to liberate the remainder of our brothers and sisters,” he mentioned. “We urge the Qassam Brigades to kidnap extra troopers to trade them for the liberty of our family members who’re nonetheless behind bars.”

“He informed us what he was going to do,” Dr. Bitton mentioned. “We didn’t wish to pay attention.”

ABOUT 6:30 A.M. on Oct. 7, Dr. Bitton’s nephew, Tamir Adar, awoke in Nir Oz, a kibbutz lower than two miles from the Gaza border. Mr. Adar, 38, labored as a farmer, and he usually rose early in order that he would have time to benefit from the lengthy summer time afternoons, consuming beer as he watched his daughter and son splash round in the neighborhood pool.

That morning, as air raid sirens blared, rockets pierced the sky and sporadic gunfire ricocheted off partitions, Mr. Adar left his spouse and kids of their home’s small protected room and went out to hitch the kibbutz’s armed emergency response group.

At 8:30 a.m., he despatched his spouse a WhatsApp message: She mustn’t open the safe-room door, not even when he got here pleading to be let in. The kibbutz had been overrun.

At 4 p.m., troopers lastly arrived and referred to as residents out of their protected rooms. Mr. Adar was nowhere to be discovered. His mom, Yael, referred to as her brother, Dr. Bitton: “Tamir has disappeared.”

Roughly 100 Nir Oz residents — 1 / 4 of the inhabitants — had been killed or kidnapped within the Hamas raid. The world shortly knew that Mr. Adar’s paternal grandmother, 85-year-old Yaffa Adar, was amongst them, as viral video confirmed armed militants carrying her to Gaza in a stolen golf cart. It will be three weeks earlier than Israeli officers may verify that Mr. Adar had been taken hostage, too.

Earlier than, his mom labored because the administrator for a faculty district close to the Gaza border. Now she gave herself over to the hostages’ trigger, attending marches and demonstrations to stress the federal government into putting a cope with Hamas for his or her launch.

“In the future you’re hopeful and the subsequent in despair,” she mentioned. “In the future you’re crying and the subsequent you’re in a position to collect your self.”

She questioned whether or not she ought to ask her brother to leverage his connections, however determined in opposition to it. “What may I inform him?” she mentioned. “Name Sinwar?”

Within the years for the reason that Shalit deal, Dr. Bitton had climbed the ranks of the Israeli Jail Service, changing into the top of its intelligence division after which a deputy commander overseeing 12 prisons earlier than retiring in 2021. Mr. Sinwar had traced a parallel arc. After his launch, he was elected to a job akin to Hamas protection minister. And in 2017, he was elected chief of Hamas in Gaza, overseeing all features of life on the Strip.

It hadn’t escaped Dr. Bitton’s discover that the Hamas assault got here at a time of deep division in Israel, the nation wracked by protests over Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s efforts, demanded by the right-wing events essential to his political survival, to dilute the ability of Israel’s Supreme Courtroom. It was exactly the kind of schism that Mr. Sinwar had spoken of years earlier than at Beersheba, when he mentioned he would assault at a time of inner strife.

Dr. Bitton held small hope for his nephew’s launch. For Mr. Sinwar, the hostages had been a method to an finish — releasing the Palestinian prisoners left behind within the Shalit deal and placing the Palestinian trigger again on the world stage. Even when Mr. Sinwar knew who his nephew was, Dr. Bitton mentioned, “on the finish he seems to be at us as Jews.”

Nonetheless, in one in all their final conversations, on the day Mr. Sinwar was freed, the Hamas chief had once more thanked him for saving his life. Mr. Sinwar had even requested for his telephone quantity, although Dr. Bitton needed to refuse as a result of jail staff are forbidden to speak with Hamas leaders on the surface. He believed that Mr. Sinwar would really feel certain by a sort of code, and that if he was made conscious that Hamas held Dr. Bitton’s nephew, he a minimum of wouldn’t enable him to be mistreated.

“Past the truth that we’re enemies, on the finish of the day there may be additionally his private outlook,” Dr. Bitton mentioned. “For my part, he would deal with him the identical approach I did, saving his life regardless of being an enemy.”

A number of weeks after the Hamas assault, within the hope that Mr. Sinwar was nonetheless an avid follower of Israeli information media, Dr. Bitton determined to provide a tv interview. In it, he mentioned solely that he had been a part of a group that had recognized Mr. Sinwar a long time earlier than, and that his nephew was among the many hostages. (In different interviews, he equally downplayed his function, as a result of, he mentioned, he was nervous about how he could be perceived by a nation in mourning.)

In late November, Mr. Adar’s grandmother was launched in a weeklong cease-fire deal that noticed 105 of the hostages freed, principally ladies and kids. What Dr. Bitton knew however couldn’t say in his household’s second of pleasure was that Mr. Sinwar would maintain on to military-age males like Mr. Adar till the very finish, to ensure his personal survival.

“Can I inform my sister that they’re releasing Yaffa Adar, Tamir’s grandma, and that that would be the final launch and Tamir will stay there? I can’t say it, however I do know him and I do know what he’ll do,” Dr. Bitton mentioned. “That’s why I stayed silent, however I’m consuming my coronary heart out.”

But there was motive to consider that his nephew was nonetheless alive. Within the wake of Dr. Bitton’s TV interview, Israeli intelligence realized that Mr. Sinwar was asking about Mr. Adar’s well-being, and that subordinates had assured him that he was all proper.

It turned out the subordinates had requested after the improper individual. On Jan. 5, the federal government informed the household what new intelligence confirmed: Wounded whereas defending his kibbutz, Mr. Adar had apparently died not lengthy after being dragged into Gaza, one in all a minimum of 35 hostages believed to be useless, amongst roughly 125 nonetheless being held.

Dr. Bitton returned to Nir Oz on a sunny winter morning. Blackened buildings peeked out between columnar cactuses, deafening booms from artillery shells interrupted chirping parrots and cooing doves, and an acrid scent nonetheless hung within the air. “The scent of loss of life,” Dr. Bitton mentioned, wrinkling his nostril.

Rounding a nook, he stopped. “That’s his blood,” he mentioned, his face tightening in grief as he pointed towards a concrete wall that when hid the kibbutz’s dumpsters, now a dark-stained marker of his nephew’s final stand. And close by, a small memorial, a fleet of toy tractors.

“Do you see what’s misplaced?” Dr. Bitton mentioned. “It’s like that right here. Nobody stays, simply birds and tales.”

As of late, Dr. Bitton meets usually with the hostages’ households, sharing all the things he realized about Mr. Sinwar, to assist them handle expectations. In latest weeks, worldwide negotiators have pressed Israel and Hamas to just accept a deal that, in its first part, would see among the hostages exchanged for a lot of extra Palestinian prisoners and a brief cease-fire, based on officers accustomed to the method. However Hamas has held out for a complete cessation of hostilities that would go away it accountable for Gaza, a pink line for the Israeli authorities.

“I inform the households to not get their hopes up,” Dr. Bitton mentioned. “On this state of affairs there isn’t a probability.”

Dr. Bitton and his sister have revisited, over and once more, that long-ago day within the jail infirmary. Ms. Adar mentioned they attempt to giggle on the “absurdity” of all of it. “On the one hand my brother saved a life, and on the opposite his sister misplaced her boy to the identical individual he saved.”

She assures him there was nothing else he may have finished.

“These are our values. Yuval by no means would have acted in another way, by no means, and neither would I,” she mentioned. “However in the long run we had been screwed.”

Before everything by their very own authorities, they mentioned. Hamas is Hamas, as Dr. Bitton put it. “With Sinwar, I do know he desires to destroy us,” Ms. Adar echoed. “My biggest anger is that there was nobody to defend our borders.”

Not everybody in Israel appears to see it that approach. Sitting collectively in a restaurant in Eilat, a city on the Purple Sea the place the survivors of Nir Oz had been first relocated, brother and sister had been approached by a stranger. The lady mounted her gaze on Dr. Bitton, apparently recognizing him from his interview on TV. She had a query.

“Why did you save him?” she requested. “Why?”

Hwaida Saad contributed reporting from Beirut, Lebanon. Julie Tate contributed analysis.